Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanoparticles from maize stalk pith via ultrasonic-mediated cationic etherification

In this study, parenchyma cellulose, which was extracted from maize stalk pith as an abundant source of agricultural residues, was applied for preparing cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) via an ultrasound-assisted etherification and a subsequent sonication process. The ultrasonic-assisted treatment greatly improved the modification of the pith cellulose with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride, leading to a partial increase in the dissolubility of the as-obtained product and thus disintegration of sheet-like cellulose into nanoparticles. While the formation of CNPs by ultrasonication was largely dependent on the cellulose consistency in the cationic-modified system. Under the condition of 25% cellulose consistency, the longer sono-treated duration yielded a more stable and dispersible suspension of CNP due to its higher zeta potential. Degree of substitution and FT-IR analyses indicated that quaternary ammonium salts were grafted onto hydroxyl groups of cellulose chain. SEM and TEM images exhibited the CNP to have spherical morphology with an average dimeter from 15 to 55 nm. XRD investigation revealed that CNPs consisted mainly of a crystalline cellulose Ι structure, and they had a lower crystallinity than the starting cellulose. Moreover, thermogravimetric results illustrated the thermal resistance of the CNPs was lower than the pith cellulose. The optimal CNP with highly cationic charges, good stability and acceptable thermostability might be considered as one of the alternatively renewable reinforcement additives for nanocomposite production.     

Determination,residue and risk assessment of trifloxystrobin,trifloxystrobin acid and tebuconazole in Chinese rice consumption

A simple and rapid analytical method for the detection of trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin acid and tebuconazole in soil, brown rice, paddy plants and rice hulls was established and validated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Acceptable linearity (R² > 0.99), accuracy (average recoveries of 74.3–108.5%) and precision (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of 0.9–8.8%) were obtained using the developed determination approach. In the field trial, the half-lives of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in paddy plants were 5.7–8.3 days in three locations throughout China, and the terminal residue concentrations of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were <100 and 500 μg/kg (maximum residue limits set by China), respectively, at harvest, which indicated that, based on the recommended application procedure, trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole are safe for use on rice. The risk assessment results demonstrated that, owing to risk quotient values of both fungicides being <100%, the potential risk of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on rice was acceptable for Chinese consumers. These data could provide supporting information for the proper use and safety evaluation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in rice.     

Trace Functionals for a Class of Pseudo-Differential Operators in R n

In this paper we define trace functionals on the algebra of pseudo-differential operators with cone-shaped exits to infinity. Furthermore, we improve the Weyl formula on the asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues and make use of it in order to establish inclusion relations between the interpolation normed ideals of compact operators in L ²(R ⁿ ) and the above operator classes.     

Synthesis of Novel Monomeric Dyes with Anthraquinone Residue

Two novel polymerizable dyes with anthraquinone residue have been prepared, and their structures were characterized by FTIR, ^1HNMR and EA.     

Application of x-ray fluorescence analysis to investigation of the composition of gunshot residues

We have used x-ray fluorescence analysis to study the elemental composition of gunshot residues from smooth-bore and rifled-bore guns. We have established that it is possible to differentiate between types of projectiles (jacketed/lead), types of primers (corrosive/noncorrosive), and types of propellant powders (black/smokeless) by analysis of the elemental composition of the gunshot residues. We have shown that the mercury content in gunshot residues on the surface of the object carrying the residues steadily decreases as storage time increases. Despite this fact, mercury can be preserved as a component of gunshot residues on the object (cotton cloth) under room conditions for more than 45 days. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 320–325, May–June, 2006.     

速冻蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留量的测量不确定度评定

依据GB/T 5009.146-2003《植物性食品中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多种残留的测定》方法,对速冻蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留量的测量不确定度进行分析和评定。该测量过程所产生的测量不确定度主要来源于气相色谱仪引入的测量不确定度,其次是氯氰菊酯标准工作溶液引入的测量不确定度。标准溶液引入的测量不确定度则主要来源于标准溶液的稀释过程所产生的测量不确定度。     

用于留数算术中的数值／留数／数值的转换

介绍用光学方法完成留数算术中的数值/留数/数值的转换,并附有实验结果。     

Elliptic fibers over non-perfect residue fields

Kodaira and Néron classified and described the geometry of the special fibers of the Néron model of an elliptic curve defined over a discrete valuation ring with a perfect residue field. Tate described an algorithm to determine the special fiber type by manipulating the Weierstrass equation. In the case of non-perfect residue fields, we discover new fiber types which are not on the Kodaira-Néron list. We describe these new types and extend Tate's algorithm to deal with all discrete valuation rings. Specifically, we show how to translate a Weierstrass equation into a form where the reduction type may be easily determined. Having determined the special fiber type, we construct the regular model of the curve with explicit blow-up calculations. We also provide tables that serve as a simple reference for the algorithm and which succinctly summarize the results.     

A New Derivation of the Inner Product Formula for the Macdonald Symmetric Polynomials

We give a short proof of the inner product conjecture for the symmetric Macdonald polynomials of type A_n-1. As a special case, the corresponding constant term conjecture is also proved.     

含余割核奇异积分修改的反演问题

针对含余害核奇异积分反演问题在指κ＜0时一般无解的情况，本文提出并求解两种修改的反演问题，而后一种修改反演问题的提法与此前类似问题颇不相同，由于运用了推广的留数定理和Bertrand型换序公式使本问题及类似问题解法得以简化。